Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine if there is evidence of canine welfare improvements over the past several decades in Japan. When considering owners’ treatment of and attitudes toward animals kept in homes, there are two possible scenarios for canine welfare improvement: steady improvement and an inverted U-shaped improvement. To examine these two scenarios (steady improvement or inverted U-shaped change), we applied an Animal Welfare Kuznets Curve. Because we observed an inverted U-shaped relationship for most of the cases we examined, we conclude that attitudes towards animals kept in homes play an important role in changing canine welfare.