Abstract
With an increasing population density and a desire to improve the well-being of citizens, smart city development is on the rise. Information and Communication Technologies form the backbone of this development for enhancing efficiency. Smart city projects emerge in fields such as transport, communication, health care, business and finance, utilities, security, environmental control, provision of government services, leisure and even disaster prevention/warning. Whilst the overall move is generally welcome, the benefits of smart city projects are often exaggerated and users are sometimes beset with significant social and external costs (e.g., cyber-attacks) not envisaged at the planning stage. Hence, a new CBA Framework is imminently necessary for decision makers for more smart cities to flourish.